"Henry Sylvester Williams" {February 15,1869-March 26,1911}

When he formed the African Association,as it was called,one of it aims was "to promote and protect the interest of all subjects claiming African descent,wholly or in part,in British colonies and other places especially Africa,by circulating accurate information on all subjects affecting their rights and privileges as subjects of the British Empire,by direct appeals to the Imperial and local Governments."He was born in the village of Arouca,ten miles east of Port of Spain,the eldest of five children.An intelligent young men,he qualified as a teacher at the age of 17,and was put in charge of a school a year later.Henry left for New York when he was 22,because teachers in Trinidad were paid poorly,After two years in the US, he enrolled in Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia to study law.Three years later he came to London,enrolling in King's College.He and three other Trinidadian lawyers read for the bar at Gray's Inn.Here he fell in love with Agnes Powell,daughter of a Royal Marines officer who fiercely opposed the match.They were married in 1898,and had a son,Henry Francis,a year later.Henry lectured extensively on Trinidad and consistently denounced crown colony rule as 'a heartless system... a synonym for racial contempt.' He led a deputation of Trinidadians to meet MPs,and became the first person of African descent to speak in the House of Commons.He was also instrumental in the creation of the African Association,to promote and protect the interests of all subject of African descent.He had always had the the idea of a world conference of black people,'the first occasion upon which black men would assemble in England to speak for themselves endeavour to influence public opinion in their favour.'The sessions of the conference were held in Westminster Town Hall on July 23rd,24th,and 25th 1900.There were 37 delegates and 10 other participants and observers.The chair was taken by Bishop Alexander Walters,a leader of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church in the U.S.and president of National Afro-Council.The vice chairmen were representatives of independent African states:Frederick Johnson,former Attorney-General of Liberia,and Haitian Benito Sylvan,aide-de-camp to the Ethiopian emperor The conference discussed many issues,among them the importance of preserving the identity of the black race,attacking colonialism,the need for the colonial powers to recognize the rights of indigenous people.There should be no human power to halt Africans' social and political development.The African Association renamed the Pan African Association.The conference was reported in the leading London newspapers.The Westminster Gazette observed that it marks the the initiation of a remarkable movement on history;the negro is at least awake to the potentialities pf his future.' After the conference he went to Jamaica,Trinidad,and the United States to set up branches of the Pan African Association.Henry also launched a journal called the Pan African in 1901. It was designed to spread information 'concerning the African and his descendants in the British Empire and to be 'the mouthpiece of the millions of Africans and their descendants.'Unfortunately,the Pan African Association was short lived,due mainly in part Henry not being able to devote all his time to the organization.He was probably the first black man to practice as a barrister and worked extensively in South Africa,defending black people in the courts.In 1906,he was elected to public office on Marylebone borough council.Henry was denounced by the British consul in 1908 after going to Liberia and decided to move back to Trinidad.He was in the process of building successful law practice there when he fell ill toward the end of 1910.In March 1911 he died.