"African-Free-School" (November 2,1787)

Was an institution founded by members of the New York Manumission Society on November 2,1787,including Alexander Hamilton,and John Jay.It was founded to provide education to children of slaves and free people of color.


The school was founded by by the New York Manumission Society,an organization that advocated the full abolition of  African slavery;in 1785 the group gained passage of a New York state law prohibiting the sale of slaves imported into the state.This preceded the national law prohibiting the slave trade,which went into effect in 1808.The New York law also eased restrictions on the Manumission of enslaved Africans.The society's members were all white,male,wealthy,and influential.The society was founded by John Jay, a statesman and abolitionist,and included Alexander Hamilton among its members.


Established in 1794,the first school was a one-room school house that about 40 students.Originally the Manumission Society hired white teachers,it eventually employed African American teachers as well.It was an early form of "charity schooling," supported by donations for the city's poorest residents.In 1809 the school's trustees hired Charles Andrews,an Englishman,to teach at the school.Charles utilized the methods of Joseph Lancaster,an English school reformer whose system employed students assistants or "monitors," permitting a single teacher  to conduct classes as large as several hundred.By all accounts,Charles was passionately committed to the idea that his African American teacher were just as bright as whites,if not even smarter.Under his leadership the institution grew significantly.Moving to a new building on William St.in 1815.Five years later and even bigger facility was opened on Mulberry St,near Grand.By then enrollment was approaching 700 and the schools were gaining a wide reputation for success.Charles published a book in 1821 celebrating the schools' accomplishments,and they became a frequent stopping point for vistors to the city.


After opening yet other schools with enrollment surpassing a thousand children,a crisis unfolded in the early 1830s when Charles publicly advocated the idea That African Americans should be colonized in Africa,one of the period's most controversial racial issues.African American students boycotted the schools,leading to Charles dismissal in 1832 and the hiring of African American teachers to replace whites in each of the city's African free schools.By 1835,when the schools ended their run as a privately supported institutions,the African free school had seven different neighborhoods,and it had educated thousands of girls & boys.At that time the African Free Schools and their facilities were integrated into public school system.This was several years after all slaves were freed in 1827.


The state had passed a gradual emancipation law,in 1799,which first provided that children of slave mama's would b born free,frequired to have to have lengthy periods as indentured servants,to 28 years of age for men and 25,for women,before being socially free.Existing slaves were freed,until the last was freed in 1827.